Sprinkler Irrigation

Sprinkler Irrigation


In this method water is sprayed into the air and allowed to fall on the ground surface somewhat resembling rainfall. The spray is developed by flow of water under high pressure through small orifices or nozzles.
The pressure is usually obtained by pumping. With careful selection of nozzle sizes, operating pressure and sprinkler spacing, the amount of irrigation water required to refill the crop rootzone can be applied nearly uniformly at a rate to suit the infiltration rate of the soil, obtaining efficient irrigation.

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Suitability

                Sprinkler irrigation can be used for almost all crops except rice and on most soils except very fine textured soils where the infiltration rates are less than 4 mm/hr.
It is well suited to sandy soils and small streams. Shallow soils and soils involving extensive land preparation (undulating topography) can be irrigated efficiently.

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Advantages: soluble fertilizers, herbicides and fungicides can be applied in the irrigation water economically. It can be used to protect crop against frost and high temperature. Labor costs are less as compared to other methods. Irrigation does not interfere with farm machinery
Single gun or boom sprinkler can be periodically moved from one position to another by hand or mechanically during irrigation of a given field. They can also be sprinkler is one of the example where water is supplied to the traveling gun from a pipeline or a water channel through flexible hose.

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Disadvantages: it is not useful in windy areas. Ripening fruits must be protected from the spray. Water must be clean and free of debris, sand and large amount of dissolved salts. It requires high initial investment as compared to surface methods of irrigation.

Classification of Sprinkler Irrigation System


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